Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Original Articles

The Effect of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Depression on the Life Satisfaction of the Elderly Living Together during the Daytime in the Rural Areas: Jin Kim, Jeong In Bae, Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(1):96-104. Published online March 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.1.96

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Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the life satisfaction during the communal life of the elderly in rural areas.
Methods
A total of 143 subjects were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected in self-reporting questionnaires from 1 August to 30 August 2019. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 23.0.
Results
The Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) was significantly different according to age, education, and cohabitation. Depression was significantly different according to gender, age, education, and cohabitation. Life satisfaction was significantly different according to age, education, religion, and cohabitation. There was a positive correlation between Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and depression, except for life satisfaction. 41.0% of life satisfaction was explained by depression, religion, and IADL.
Conclusion
The results of this study may be useful in understanding the life satisfaction level of elderly communal life and developing more specific programs for mental activity programs, and depression management strategies are required.

Citations

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Dual Mediating Effect of Electronic Device Utilization and Life Satisfaction on the Relationship between Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Depression in Older Adults
Hwa-Soo Koong, Mihye Lim, Kawoun Seo
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(17): 10617. CrossRef

Effects of a Physical Activity Program on Physical Fitness of Intellectually Disabled Persons: Mi Seo Park, Mi Whoa Kim, Jin Hee Jeong, Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2017;28(1):88-97. Published online March 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.1.88

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a physical activity program on the physical fitness in persons with intellectual disabilities.
METHODS
The study design was an equivalent control group pre-post test. The treatment group received ths physical activity program five times per week for 20 weeks. Data were collected from the treatment group at two time points: Week 1 and Week 20 following the initiation of the treatment protocol. Data were collected from the control group at the ends of week 1 and Week 20. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS v.21.0 software program.
RESULTS
The experimental group showed a significant reduction of physical fitness: basic of physical fitness (t=-2.07, p=.041), flexibility (t=2.25, p=.027), muscular strength (t=2.70, p=.009), agility (t=-3.35, p=.001), except for sense of balance (t=-0.91, p=.368), while control group showed no change in these variables.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study suggest that the physical activity program has proved to be a stable and physically active intervention program for physical activity in intellectually disabled persons.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Association Between Physical Activity and Health Care Risk Management in Individuals With Disabilities
Ilsu Park, Eunshil Yim, Minsook Lim, Jinhyung Lee
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2024; 36(1): 59. CrossRef
Effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index and physical index of intellectual disability
Nam‐Hyun Cha, Ga‐Eul Jeon, Youngmi Cho, Sohyune R. Sok
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

The Relationships between Academic Stress and Adjustment at University Life in Korean University Students: Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2016;27(2):124-131. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.2.124

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this paper was to identify the correlations among academic stress and adjustment at university life in university students.
METHODS
A total of 489 subjects aged 17 and 36 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self reported questionnaire from September 2 to November 30, 2015. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN.
RESULTS
There were statistical differences between academic stress and adjustment at university life. Academic stress were significantly different according to gender, grade, economic status, health status major department of study, drinking and smoking. Adjustment at university life were significantly different according to gender, economic status, health status. 25.4% of variance in adjustment at university life were explained by academic stress, major department of study, health status.
CONCLUSION
The finding of this study may be useful in understanding the academic stress expression of university students and developing more specific programs on adjustment at university life.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Estrés académico y autoconcepto en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
Juan Francisco Caldera Montes, Lizardo Yael Núñez Íñiguez, Paola Macías Legaspi, María del Rosario Zamora Betancourt, Oscar Ulises Reynoso Gonzalez
Psicumex.2024; 14: 1. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Spiritual Health among Nursing Students in the Prolonged COVID-19 Situation
Juhyun Jin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3716. CrossRef
Effects of Learned Helplessness on College Life Adjustment of Health College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jeong Mi Park, Song Yi Han
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(1): 7. CrossRef
The relationship between faculty interactions, sense of belonging, and academic stress: a comparative study of the post-COVID-19 college life of Korean and international graduate students in South Korea
Dongil Kim, Yeyoung Woo, Jusuk Song, Subin Son
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Estrés académico y adaptación a la universidad en estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad pública en Ecuador
Ivonne Nataly Moya Lara, Joel Santiago Barreno López, Mateo Alberto Álvarez Maldonado
LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Academic Stress and Its Influencing Factors among Medical and Non‐Medical Students
Anna Seong, Suyeon Heo, Jeonggyo Yoon, Ji Yeon Lee, Min Gi Choi, Jong ha Jeon, Jae Hoon Kim, Kwi Hwa Park, Jeong-Soo Im, Kwang-Pil Ko, Jaehun Jung, Yoon-Hyeong Choi
Korean Medical Education Review.2021; 23(2): 128. CrossRef
Mediating effect of goal adjustment on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout
Eunbi Chang, Sang Min Lee
Psychology in the Schools.2020; 57(2): 284. CrossRef
A Study on the Scales(Elements) of Life of Ophthalmic Optics Students
Ki-Hun Ye, Seon-Ahr Cho
The Korean Journal of Vision Science.2020; 22(1): 41. CrossRef
Alcohol Consumption Frequency of Parents and Stress Status of Their Children: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2016)
Serin Kim, Wonjeong Chae, Seung Heon Min, Yerim Kim, Sung-In Jang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 17(1): 257. CrossRef
Relationships among Lifestyle, Depression, Anxiety, and Reproductive Health in Female University Students
Ju-Hee Nho, Sung-Hee Yoo
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(1): 80. CrossRef
Comparison of Factors Influencing Change Stages in Balanced Diet among Female University Students in Korea and China
Mi Yeon Park, Chong Yu Ding, Pil Sook Park
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2017; 28(1): 45. CrossRef

The Relationship between Anger Expression and Self-esteem in Nursing College Students: Nam Hyun Cha, Eun Ju Seo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2012;23(4):451-459. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2012.23.4.451

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between anger expression and self-esteem in nursing college students.
METHODS
A total of 297 subjects aged between 18 and 28 were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2 to 25, 2011 using a self-reporting questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0.
RESULTS
Differences in anger expression according to general characteristics were as follows. There were significant differences in violent attitude depending on gender (t=3.003, p<.01). Violent actions differed significantly depending on year in school (F=3.279, p<.05) and whether there is a dual income families (t=-2.23, p<.05). There were significant differences in self-esteem depending on year in school (F=4.553, p<.01), school record (F=15.18, p<.001) and the economic status of the parents (F=4.878, p<.01). There were positive correlations between violent attitude and violent actions, except between violent actions and self-esteem. 10.3% of the variance in violent actions was explained by violent attitude, self-esteem and school in year and perceived acceptance.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study may be useful in understanding the anger expression of nursing college students and developing more specific programs to improve personality and self-control of the mind.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Explore the Association of Anger with Academic Year Among Nursing Students at Private Nursing Institute Karachi Pakistan
Afsha Bibi, Fazal Khaliq, Muhammad Ishaq, Hammad Ahmad, Hafiz Asim Rasool, Saqib Mahmood
Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2024; : 06. CrossRef
Effect of Clinical Practice Stress and Anger Expression on Assertive Behavior in Nursing Students
Eun-Ju LEE, Gyu-Li BAEK
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2022; 34(1): 104. CrossRef
Attachment, emotion regulation and anger expression in adolescent depression: Did comorbid anxiety disorder not have a role?
Gonca Özyurt, Yusuf Öztürk, Merve Onat, Caner Mutlu, Aynur Akay
Current Psychology.2021; 40(2): 751. CrossRef
Validity and Reliability of Metacognitive Rating Scale for Nursing Students
Kyunghee Lee, Youngjin Heo, Mihwa Han, Mijung Kim, Hyunseok Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2021; 30(3): 269. CrossRef
Influence of Anger Expression on Communication Competence of Nursing Students
Soonyang JANG
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2020; 32(2): 511. CrossRef
Comparing anger, anger expression, life stress and social support between Korean female nursing and general university students
Won Hee Jun, Gyungjoo Lee
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2017; 73(12): 2914. CrossRef
Effects of Anger Expression on Self-Esteem in Dental Hygiene Students
Yang-Keum Han, Ji-Su Yu, Han-Hong Kim
Journal of dental hygiene science.2016; 16(3): 210. CrossRef
Effects of Korean Enneagram Program on the Ego-identity, Interpersonal Relationship, and Self-leadership of Nursing College Students
Weon-Gyeong Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(4): 393. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Learned Helplessness in Undergraduates
Jung Choi, Bo Kyoung Cha
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2014; 28(3): 509. CrossRef
Effects of College Life Characteristics on Depression, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms among Freshmen
Mijeong Park, Jihea Choi, Eun Young Lee, Miyoung Park
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(1): 346. CrossRef
The Association of Self-esteem and Social support with Depressive symptoms in College Students
Eun-Mi Ji, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2996. CrossRef
Depression, self‐esteem and anger expression patterns of Korean nursing students
N.H. Cha, S.R. Sok
International Nursing Review.2014; 61(1): 109. CrossRef

Relations between Fatigue and Work-related Factors in Workers: Eun Sook Jung, Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(4):420-428. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.4.420

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between fatigue and work-related factors in workers.
METHODS
A total of 204 subjects aged between 21 and 59 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire from May 20 to 31, 2011. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0.
RESULTS
Difference in fatigue according to general characteristics was significant according to duty type. Difference in fatigue according to occupational characteristics was significant according to work intensity, work speed, demand of work concentration, work space, physical environment, largest weight by hands, vibration, visual demand of work, difficulty of work practice, work stress, and rest hours in holiday. There was a positive correlation between fatigue and occupational characteristics. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that educational level, work intensity, and rest hours in holiday were the strongest factors associated with fatigue (R2=.363 p<.001). These factors explained fatigue by 36.3%.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study may be useful in understanding workers' fatigue and developing more specific fatigue relief programs.

Citations

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Effects of Fatigue Reduction Program on Female Employees in One Food Production Company
Eun-Sook Jung, Jong-Eun Lee, Tae Yeon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(1): 11. CrossRef

A Study on Yangsaeng in Korean Elders: Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(3):293-302. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.3.293

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was to survey yangsaeng in Korean elders.
METHODS
A total of 250 subjects aged between 60 and 88 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire from April 1 to 30, 2009. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0.
RESULTS
Differences in yangsaeng according to general characteristics were as follows. Total yangsaeng and all of yangsaeng categories except seasonal yangsaeng were significantly different according to self-perceived health. Diet yangsaeng was significantly different according to cohabitation, house ownership and self-perceived health. Activity and rest yangsaeng was significantly different according to age, gender, job, successful aging and self-perceived health. Exercise yangsaeng was significantly different according to gender and self-perceived health. Seasonal yangsaeng was significantly different according to successful aging and self-perceived health. Sleep yangsaeng was significantly different according to age, gender, job and self-perceived health. Sex life yangsaeng was significantly different according to all of the variables except religion and successful aging. There was a positive correlation between yangsaeng and the variables.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of community-dwelling elders and developing more specific health promotion programs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Conceptual Analysis of Korean Elders' Yangsaeng in Nursing
Min Kyung Gu
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(1): 1. CrossRef
A Trend Analysis of the Journal of Korean Nursing Research related with Yangseng
Yunyoung Kim, Hye-Ju Park, Eunsu Jang
Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2016; 22(1): 10. CrossRef
A Study on Daily Living Abilities, Self-efficacy and Yangsaeng Behavior in Elderly Men (Yangsaeng; traditional oriental health promotion)
Oh-Gye Kwag, Yunhee Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(1): 11. CrossRef
Validation of a Path Model on Elderly Women's Yangsaeng (Yangsaeng; traditional oriental health promotion)
Yeong Sook Park, Hwa Yean Lee, Yunhee Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(3): 325. CrossRef

Factors Influencing Productive Activity and Physical and Psychological Ability in Korean Elders: Nam Hyun Cha, Eun Ju Seo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(1):128-138. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.1.128

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was to identify the relation between productive activity and physical and psychological ability in elders.
METHODS
A total of 294 subjects aged between 60 and 92 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire from May to June, 2008. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS/PC Win. 15.0.
RESULTS
Of variance in productive activity, 13.3% was explained by house ownership, number of diseases, and successful aging. Of variance in physical and psychological ability, 25.4% was explained by house ownership, perceived health, number of diseases, and successful aging. The correlation coefficient between productive activity and physical and psychological ability was significant (r=.32, p<.001) CONCLUSION: Findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of community-dwelling elders and developing more specific health promotion programs.

Citations

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Effect of health consciousness behavior and health-promoting behavior on the quality of life in elders in South Korea
Nam Hyun Cha
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2020; 32(11): 717. CrossRef

A Study on Characteristic Factors Related to Low Back Pain and Mental Health of Pregnant Women: Myoung Ja Wang, Sang Won Lim, Sun Hye Jun, Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(3):381-389. Published online September 30, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The study was to explore the level of low back pain and characteristic factors influencing low back pain (LBP) and mental health during pregnancy.
METHODS
The subjects were a total of 383 healthy pregnant women in S City and K-Do. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation.
RESULTS
82.5% of the pregnant women answered the existence of LBP and 19.7% of them had high LBP. The preferred method of controlling LBP was 'Just endure' (42.3%). There were significant differences in pregnancy level (p < .05) and discomfort condition related to pregnancy (p < .01) according to low back pain. There were significant differences in pain intensity according to mental health. The correlation between pain level and pregnancy weeks (p < .001) and BMI in previous pregnancy (p < .001) was significant. The correlation between mental health and age was significant (p < .001).
CONCLUSION
The majority of the pregnant women experienced LBP during pregnancy. However, they were not offered the best method of controlling the pain. Thus, for preventing LBP during pregnancy, we recommend regular exercises and BMI control.

A Study on Self-Achievements and Related Factors in Elders: Myoung Ja Wang, Eun Ju Seo, Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(1):23-30. Published online March 31, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to identify the relationship among self-management, economic stability, self-esteem, self-achievement and predictor of the self-achievements in elders.
METHODS
A total of 294 subjects aged between 60 and 92 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from May to June, 2008. Collected data were analysed by the SPSS/WIN 15.0 program.
RESULTS
Self-management, economic stability, self-esteem, self-achievement were positively correlated. The most significant predictor of self-achievement in elders were self-management and self-esteem.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that self-achievement is influenced by self-management and self-esteem and needed for aged well.

The Effects of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Abdominal Pain and Dysmenorrhea in Female University Students: Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(2):280-289. Published online June 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on the relief of dysmenorrhea and abdominal pain in female university students.
METHOD
This study was designed as non-equivalent control group research. Data were collected from 44 of the female university students(Exp.: 22, Cont.: 22) from October, 2007 to December, 2007. Collected data were analysed through chi2 test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.
RESULT
Abdominal pain was significantly decreased partially in the experimental group compared to that of the control group(p=.008). Dysmenorrhea was significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to that of the control group(p=.000).
CONCLUSION
It was proven that auricular acupressure therapy was effective for abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea.

The Effect of Oriental Self-help Group Program for the Living Alone-Aged Inhabiting Rural Region: Myoung Ja Wang, Shin Ae Park, Tae Ok Myung, Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(2):242-251. Published online June 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an Oriental self-help group program on living-alone elders in rural areas.
METHOD
A one-group pretest-post test design was used. The subjects of the experimental group participated in the oriental self-help program, health education, feet bathing in hot water, cupping therapy, and foot-reflexology. The obtained data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Pearson correlation coefficients of SPSS.
RESULTS
1) The level of blood triglyceride, SGOT and glucose decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 2) The scores of depression and stress decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) The score of Yangsaeng increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 4) Depression was higher when the score of stress was high, and the score of depression and stress were lower when the score of Yangsaeng was high.
CONCLUSION
Considering the results of this research, the program is effective in improving physiological indexes partially, emotional indexes and Yangsaeng. Therefore this program can be implemented as a community-based self-help group program for living-alone elders in rural areas.

A Study on the State of Recognition and Experience of Love; Sex Knowledge; and Self-esteem of Youths: Shin Ae Park, Myung Ja Wang, Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(2):242-252. Published online June 30, 2006

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Difference of Physical Symptoms, PWI and JCQ according to Sasang Constitutions for Industrial Workers: Nam Hyun Cha, Myung Ja Wang, Jeong Ah Kim, Ki Nam Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2005;16(4):508-516. Published online December 31, 2005

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was conducted to analyze industrial workers' stresses from physical symptoms, PWI, JCQ and tasks in classification of Sasang constitutions.
METHOD
Data were collected from industrial workers in J Province from May 2003 to June 2003. Questionnaires were distributed and collected on the day of their physical examination. Collected data were analysed through chi2-test.
RESULT
Health-related characteristics showed that most of smokers and drinkers were Taeumins and this result was statistically significant. Physical symptoms related to constitutions indicated that GI and neurologic symptoms are significantly more frequent in Soeumin. The percentage of subjects with moderate risk was high in order of Soyangin, Taeumin and Soeumin while the percentage of subjects with high risk was high in order of Soeumin, Taeumin and Soyangin.
CONCLUSION
Through this study, Lee Jae Ma's theory was be confirmed compatible with disease characteristics. However, research with more various subjects and variables needs to be made.

An Analysis of the Effect of Self-foot Reflexology on Level of Hypertension: Myung Ja Wang, Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(1):5-15. Published online March 31, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to analysis the effect of self-foot reflexology(SRM) program on level of hypertension.
METHOD
A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. For the experimental group, SRM was applied three times a week for 8wks. Test was done by measured x2-test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA test.
RESULT
There were significant decreases in systolic, diastolic blood pressure and difference of pretest and post test and between the experimental group and control group.
CONCLUSION
Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of the blood pressure.

Effects of Self-foot Reflexology Shown in Hypertension Workers: Nam Hyun Cha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(1):17-29. Published online March 31, 2002

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Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Self-foot reflexology (SFR) on the hypertension of workers. The purpose of the research was to evaluate: levels of knowledge, physical and emotional condition, work stress and fatigue on the hypertension of employees in the workplace. Quasi-experimental study was designed in the setting of a nonequivalent control and experimental Group applied by the pre and post test. The total subjects undertaken in the study were total of 34 employees working in three companies in Seoul. The SFR program was consisted of 6 phases. There were 2 minutes for preparation, 4 minutes for slow down, 26 minutes for base reflex, symptoms of a disease reflex and excretion reflex stimulation. Finally, there was 20 minutes relaxation in a comfortable posture and drinking hot water after blood pressure was checked in the order. This program was running 55 minutes a day everyday three times a week during the entire 8 week course. The finding showed blood pressure was reduced significantly. Moreover, the level of total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, depression, work stress, and fatigue were decreased in the study. But, they were not statistically significant except as it related to Group comparisons in time. The level of state anxiety was statistically significant between 2 Groups, but not in the time comparison of both Groups. As a summary of the study results, the SFR program was regarded as contributing to the physical and emotional promotion of employees. It had partially increased body circulations of functional organ related to the SFR sites. And, it improved relaxation of physical and mental condition through energy movement 'Chi'. Therefore, the SFR technique should be considered as an effective skill of a nursing program. Furthermore, it can be newly adopted as a nursing curriculum as a part of alternative treatment. However, it still needed to testify its effects through the review study.

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